NASA’s Earth Observing System provides nearly 30 years of continuous, high-quality measurements of Earth’s land, oceans, atmosphere, and ice, supporting climate research and long-term environmental ...

Understanding and ultimately predicting the Earth’s climate system is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century.Ê As scientists delve deeper into its complexity, mysteries continue to arise at a ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

WASHINGTON — To explore the complex interactions between the natural world and society and enhance our understanding of Earth’s systems — the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, ...

In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...