Logic elements “Exclusive OR” are widely used in a variety of digital devices. However, in some cases, for example, when using increased operating voltages, the use of standard chips is impossible.

In this design idea logic elements consisting of two nodes—an input resistive matrix and a threshold module, operating on the basis of fractional logic principles—are proposed. Fractional logic ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used extensively throughout the world. Over time, they have advanced to become more user-friendly, efficient, smaller, and less expensive. Different types of ...

When learning ladder logic, I was told that some new PLC systems were moving to scripted programming languages. My instructor assured us that we would not need to know anything other than ladder logic ...

There are various approaches to developing programmable logic controller (PLC) applications using experimental techniques. Modifying existing PLC ladder logic programs is another common approach ...