The Richards equation remains a cornerstone in the modelling of water transport within unsaturated porous media, integrating both Darcy’s law and mass conservation to describe complex water dynamics.

Combustion uniformity is the key to the lowest emissions as well as the best boiler efficiency. To achieve that uniformity, many power generators struggle to balance pipe-to-pipe fuel flow ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...

Oil field operators can use several practical equations for calculating flow rates of natural gas through venturi gas-lift valves. For critical flow, this analysis derived such equations from a ...