Definition 6. A model (or structure) A for a language L is an ordered pair hA; Ii where A is a nonempty set and I is an interpretation function with domain the set of all constant, function and relation …

A mechanistic or scientific model begins with a description of how nature might work, and proceeds from this description to a set of predictions relating the independent and dependent variables.

It covers the logical, linguistic, psychological and information-theoretic parts of the cognitive sciences as well as math- ematical tools for them. The emphasis is on the theoretical and inter- disciplinary …

WHAT IS A HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL (HMM)? A Hidden Markov Model, is a stochastic model where the states of the model are hidden. Each state can emit an output which is observed. Imagine: You …

Model refers to a quantitative method, system, or approach that applies statistical, economic, financial, or mathematical theories, techniques, and assumptions to process input data into quantitative …

Model theory is the branch of logic that deals with mathematical structures and the formal languages they interpret. First order logic is the most important formal language and its model theory is a rich …

In this paper, these concepts are defined in algebraic terms, using morphisms, functors and natural transformations. It is argued that inference on the basis of a model is not possible unless the model …